格變語法 (Case Grammar)

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簡介

格變語法擺脫了樹狀的語法架構,以動詞的格狀架構來定位詞彙與詞彙之間的關係,例如動詞 “打” 就有『施事』是『人』與『受事』是『物』的格位限制,這使得語言分析不再限制於樹狀架構,例如:

他一拳打得我好痛

角色 意義 實例
Agent Animate initiator of an action As subject in active sentence preposition by in passive sentence
Instrument A stimulant or direct physical cause of an action As subject in active sentences with no agent preposition with
Patient / Theme A thing which is acted upon As object of transitive verbs. As subject of nonactionverbs
Experiencer The person involved in perception or a physical/phychological state. As animate subject in active sentences with no agent
Beneficiary The person for whom an act is done As indirect object with transitive verbs preposition for
AT
AT-location / Location Current location Prepositions in, on beyond, etc.
AT-possession / Possessor Current possessor Possessive NP as subject of sentence if no agent.
AT-value Current value
AT-time Current time
TO
TO-location / Destination Current location Prepositions to, into
TO-possession / Recipient Current possessor Preposition to, indirect object with certain verbs.
TO-value Current value
FROM
FROM-location / Source Current location Prepositions from, out of, etc.
FROM-possession Current possessor Preposition from.
FROM-value Current value
PATH Path over which something travels
Contragent A force the action is directed against
Object An thing which is the object of an action.
Addressee The one the action is performed for (or against)
Result A thing created by the action
Source The initial state of an object before the action
Purpose The goal to accomplish.
Reason The reason of an action.
Time The time

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