跳躍指令

CPU0 處理器

基礎知識

Verilog

程式計數模組

記憶體

指令提取單元

跳躍指令

控制單元

CPU0-Mini

CPU0

DE2-70 板實作

LED 與開關

七段顯示器

Clock 時脈

程式計數器

跳躍指令

CPU0-Mini

CPU0

Icarus 實作

CPU0-Mini

訊息

相關網站

參考文獻

最新修改

簡體版

English

說明:此版本的記憶體乃是以 32 bit 為一單位,因此指令碼位址部分不符合 CPU0 的格式。

程式碼

0000          LD   R2, K0         L  0 002F0004
0001          LD   R1, K1         L  0 001F0004
     LOOP:                          FF
0002          ADD  R2, R2, R1     A 13 13221000
0003          JMP  LOOP           J 26 26FFFFFD
0004 K0:      WORD 0              D F2 00000000
0005 K1:      WORD 1              D F2 00000001
0006 SUM:     WORD 0              D F2 00000000

Verilog 模組

module computer0m(input clock, reset, output [31:0] pc, 
             output [2:0] tick, output [31:0] ir,
                 output [31:0] mar, output [31:0] mdr,
                 inout [31:0] dbus, output m_en, m_rw, 
                 output [7:0] op, output signed [23:0] addr24);

cpu0m cpu (.clock(clock), .reset(reset), .pc(pc), .tick(tick), .ir(ir), 
.mar(mar), .mdr(mdr), .dbus(dbus), .m_en(m_en), .m_rw(m_rw), 
.op(op), .addr24(addr24));

memory0m mem (.clock(clock), .reset(reset), .en(m_en), .rw(m_rw), 
.abus(mar), .dbus_in(dbus), .dbus_out(dbus));

endmodule         

module cpu0m(input clock, reset, output reg [31:0] pc, 
             output reg [2:0] tick, output reg [31:0] ir,
                 output reg [31:0] mar, output reg [31:0] mdr,
                 inout [31:0] dbus, output reg m_en, m_rw,
                 output reg [7:0] op, output reg signed [23:0] addr24);
// reg [7:0] op;
// reg signed [23:0] addr24;
   reg signed [31:0] addr32;

    always @(posedge clock) begin
        if (reset) 
          begin
            pc = 0;
            tick = 0;
            m_en = 1;
          end
        else begin
            tick = tick+1;
            case (tick)
                1:
                begin // memory.read(m[PC])
                    mar = pc; // MAR = PC
                    m_rw = 1; // m_rw=1 is read mode, read(m[MAR]) => read(m[PC])
                end
                2: 
                begin
                    mdr = dbus;
                    ir = mdr; // IR = dbus = m[PC]
                    op = ir[31:24];
                    addr24 = ir[23:0];
                end
                3:
                begin
                    pc = pc+1;
                end
                4:
                begin
                    case (op)
                        8'h26:
                        begin
                            addr32 = addr24;
                            pc = pc+addr32;
                        end
                        default:
                        begin
                        end
                    endcase
                end
                5:
                begin
                end
                6:
                begin
                    tick = 0;
                end
                default:
                begin
                end
            endcase
        end
    end

endmodule

module memory0m(input clock, reset, en, rw, 
            input [31:0] abus, input [31:0] dbus_in, output [31:0] dbus_out);
reg [31:0] m [0:128];
reg [31:0] data;

    always @(clock or reset or abus or en or rw or dbus_in) 
    begin
        if (reset == 1) begin
            m[0] <= 32'h002F0004; //         LD   R2, K0
            m[1] <= 32'h001F0004; //         LD   R1, K1
            m[2] <= 32'h13221000; // LOOP: 
            m[3] <= 32'h26FFFFFD; //         ADD  R2, R2, R1
            m[4] <= 32'h00000000; //         JMP  LOOP
            m[5] <= 32'h00000001; // K0:  WORD 0
            m[6] <= 32'h00000000; // K1:  WORD 1
            data <= 32'hZZZZZZZZ; // SUM: WORD 0
        end else if (abus >=0 && abus < 128) begin
            if (en == 1 && rw == 0) // r_w==0:write
            begin
                data <= dbus_in;
                m[abus] <= dbus_in;
            end
            else if (en == 1 && rw == 1) // r_w==1:read
                data <= m[abus];
            else
                data <= 32'hZZZZZZZZ;
        end else
            data <= 32'hZZZZZZZZ;
    end
    assign dbus_out = data;
endmodule

測試程式

`timescale 1ns/10ps

module computer0mTest;
reg clock;
reg reset;
wire [2:0] tick;
wire [31:0] pc;
wire [31:0] ir;
wire [31:0] mar;
wire [31:0] mdr;
wire [31:0] dbus;
wire m_en, m_rw;
wire [7:0] op;
wire [23:0] addr24;

computer0m DUT (.clock(clock), .reset(reset), .pc(pc), .tick(tick), .ir(ir), 
.mar(mar), .mdr(mdr), .dbus(dbus), .m_en(m_en), .m_rw(m_rw), 
.op(op), .addr24(addr24));

initial
begin
  clock = 0;
  reset = 1;
end

initial #100 reset = 0;

always #50 clock=clock+1;

endmodule

執行結果

cpu0jmpRun.jpg

參考文獻

  1. sign extension in verilog Options
  2. How to sign-extend a number in Verilog
  3. http://www.dev.idv.tw/mediawiki/index.php/%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84Verilog_Coding_Style
    • 正負號的擴展:應多加利用Verilog的implicity signed extension,避免手動進行轉換。
      • input signed [7:0] a, b;
      • input signed [8:0] o;
      • assign o = a + b; // Verilog會自動進行符號的擴展。
  4. CS61c: Verilog Tutorial, J. Wawrzynek, October 17, 2007

For instance we can sign extend a 16-bit signed number X, to form a signed 32-bit number, Y, as follows.
wire X[15:0], Y[31:0]; // description of X
assign Y = { 16{X[31]}, X };

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