#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
// ================== 基本常數 ===================
#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1
#define BOOL unsigned char
#define NIL -1
#define LEN 256
#define SPACE " \t\n\r" // 空白字元
#define ALPHA "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" // 英文字母
#define DIGIT "0123456789" // 數字字元
#define OPERATOR "+-*/%<=>!&|" // 運算符號字元集 (用來取得 +,-,*,/, ++, ...)
char *keys[] = {"if", "else", "for", "while", "def", "return", NULL};
char *types[] = { "int", "char", "float", "void", NULL };
char *fnames[] = { NULL };
typedef enum Tag { STRING, NUMBER, REAL, ID, OP, END } Tag; // 標記 tag 的選項
char *tags[] = {"STRING", "NUMBER", "REAL", "ID", "OP", "END" };
typedef enum Kind { KEY, TYPE, FUNC, VAR, NONE } Kind; // 種類 kind 的選項
char *kinds[] = {"KEY", "TYPE", "FUNC", "VAR", "NONE" };
typedef enum Op { NOP, SET, ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOD, GOTO, FUNCTION, PARAM, RET, CALL, ARG, IF1, IF0 , PLUS, MINUS, LAND, LOR , AND, OR, XOR, NOT, GT, LT, GE, LE, EQ, NE} Op;
char *ops[] = { "", "=", "+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "goto", "function", "PARAM", "RET", "CALL", "ARG", "if1", "if0", "++", "--", "&&", "||", "&", "|", "^", "!", ">", "<", ">=", "<=", "==", "!=", NULL };
#define cmember(ch, set) (strchr(set, ch) != NULL)// 測試字元 ch 是否在 set 當中
#define NEXT(var, tag) char var[LEN];strcpy(var, token);nextTag(tag)
#define NEXT_TOKEN(var, tokens) char var[LEN];strcpy(var, token);next(tokens)
#define SYMBOL(var, id) char var[LEN];strcpy(var, symbol(id))
#define OP(var, id) char var[LEN];strcpy(var, ops[id])
#define ASSERT(cond) if (!(cond)) { ERROR(); } // 要求條件要成立,否則就算錯
// 錯誤報告巨集函數,會印出哪一行呼叫了 ERROR()
#define ERROR() printf("ERROR => file:%s, line: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);printStack();exit(1)
FILE *file;
char ch;
int line=1, pos=0;
char token[LEN];
int tokenIdx = 0;
Tag tag;
Kind kind;
typedef struct Obj {
} Obj;
typedef struct Sym {
int strIdx;
union {
float f;
int i;
Obj *o;
} val;
} Sym;
int symTop = 1;
int strTop = 0;
#define SYM_TABLE_MAX 1000
Sym symTable[SYM_TABLE_MAX];
#define TMP_TABLE_MAX 1000
Sym tmpTable[TMP_TABLE_MAX];
#define STR_TABLE_MAX 10000
char strTable[STR_TABLE_MAX];
int strFind(char *strList[], char *key) {
int i;
for (i=0; strList[i] != NULL; i++) {
if (strcmp(strList[i], key)==0)
return i;
}
return NIL;
}
void debug(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
vprintf(fmt, args);
}
char symTemp[LEN];
char *symbol(int s) {
if (s == 0)
return "";
else if (s > 0)
return &strTable[symTable[s].strIdx];
else { // s < 0; temp variable
sprintf(symTemp, "t%d", -1*s);
return symTemp;
}
}
int symFind(char *sym) {
int i;
for (i=1; i<symTop; i++) {
if (strcmp(sym, symbol(i))==0)
return i;
}
return NIL;
}
int symPut(char *sym) {
int s = symFind(sym);
if (s == NIL) {
sprintf(&strTable[strTop], "%s", sym);
s = symTop++;
symTable[s].strIdx = strTop;
strTop += strlen(sym) + 1;
}
return s;
}
void symTableDump() {
int i;
printf("======= symTable ========\n");
for (i=1; i<symTop; i++) {
printf("sym[%d]=%s\n", i, symbol(i));
}
}
void strTableDump() {
int i;
printf("======= strTable ========\n");
for (i=0; i<strTop; i++) {
char c = strTable[i];
if (c == '\0')
printf(".");
else
printf("%c", c);
}
printf("\n");
}
int labelIdx = 0;
int nextLabel() {
char label[LEN];
sprintf(label, "_L%d:", labelIdx++);
return symPut(label);
}
int tempIdx = -1;
int nextTemp() {
return tempIdx--;
}
char *nameStack[100];
void *objStack[100];
int top = 0;
void printStack() {
int i;
for (i=0; i<top; i++)
printf("/%s", nameStack[i]);
printf("\n");
}
int push(char *name) {
nameStack[top] = name;
top ++;
}
char *pop(char *name) {
top--;
char *nameTop = nameStack[top];
ASSERT(strcmp(nameTop, name)==0);
return nameTop;
}
// 功能:檢查 token 是否為集合字串 set 中的元素
// 範例:strPartOf("int", "byte|int|float") 會傳回 TRUE
BOOL strPartOf(char *token, char *set) {
ASSERT(token != NULL && set != NULL);
ASSERT(strlen(token) < LEN);
char ttoken[LEN+2];
sprintf(ttoken, "|%s|", token);
return (strstr(set, ttoken)!=NULL);
}
BOOL isNext(char *tokens) { // 檢查下一個詞彙是否為 tokens 其中之一
char tTokens[LEN+1];
sprintf(tTokens, "|%s|", tokens);
if (strPartOf(token, tTokens))
return TRUE;
else
return FALSE;
}
BOOL isNextTag(Tag pTag) { // 檢查下一個 tag 是否為 pTag
return (tag == pTag);
}
BOOL isNextKind(Kind pKind) { // 檢查下一個 kind 是否為 pKind
return (kind == pKind);
}
char cnext() {
token[tokenIdx++]=ch;
pos++;
ch=fgetc(file);
return ch;
}
void tnext() {
while (cmember(ch, SPACE)) { // 忽略空白
tokenIdx = 0;
if (ch=='\n') {
line++;
pos = 1;
}
cnext();
}
if (feof(file)) {
strcpy(token, "$END$");
tag = END;
return;
}
tokenIdx = 0;
if (ch == '\"') { // 如果是 " 代表字串開頭
// 字串常數 : string = ".."
cnext(); // 跳過 "
while (ch != '\"') cnext(); // 一直讀到下一個 " 符號為止。
cnext(); // 跳過 "
tag=STRING;
} else if (cmember(ch, OPERATOR)) { // 如果是OP(+-*/<=>!等符號)
// 運算符號 : OP = ++, --, <=, >=, ...
while (cmember(ch, OPERATOR)) cnext(); // 一直讀到不是OP為止
token[tokenIdx] = '\0';
tag=OP;
} else if (cmember(ch, DIGIT)) { // 如果是數字
// 數字常數 : number = 312, 77568, ...
while (cmember(ch, DIGIT)) cnext(); // 一直讀到不是數字為止
tag=NUMBER;
// 實數 : real = 3.14, ...
if (ch == '.') {
cnext(); // 取得小數點
tag = REAL;
}
while (cmember(ch, DIGIT)) cnext(); // 取得小數部分
} else if (cmember(ch, ALPHA)) { // 如果是英文字母
// 基本詞彙 : token = int, sum, i, for, if, x1y2z, ....
while (cmember(ch, ALPHA) || cmember(ch, DIGIT))
cnext(); // 一直讀到不是英文字母 (或數字)為止
token[tokenIdx] = '\0';
tag=ID;
} else { // 其他符號,都解讀為單一字元
tag = OP;
cnext(); // 傳回單一字元
}
token[tokenIdx] = '\0';
if (strFind(keys, token)!=NIL)
kind = KEY;
else if (strFind(types, token)!=NIL)
kind = TYPE;
else if (strFind(fnames, token)!=NIL)
kind = FUNC;
else if (tag == ID)
kind = VAR;
else
kind = NONE;
// printf("token=%s tag=%s kind=%s\n", token, tags[tag], kinds[kind]);
}
void next(char *tokens) { // 檢查下一個詞彙的型態
if (isNext(tokens)) { // 如果是pTags型態之一
tnext();
} else { // 否則,印出錯誤訊息
debug("next():line=%d pos=%d token=%s expect(%s)\n",
line, pos, token, tokens);
ERROR();
}
}
void nextTag(Tag eTag) { // 檢查下一個 tag 的型態
if (isNextTag(eTag)) {
tnext();
} else {
debug("nextTag():line=%d pos=%d token=%s tag=%s expect(tag=%s)\n",
line, pos, token, tags[tag], tags[eTag]);
ERROR();
}
}
void nextKind(Kind eKind) { // 檢查下一個 tag 的型態
if (isNextKind(eKind)) {
tnext();
} else {
debug("nextKind():line=%d pos=%d token=%s kind=%s expect(kind=%s)\n",
line, pos, token, kinds[kind], kinds[eKind]);
ERROR();
}
}
typedef struct PCode {
int lab, op, s, s1, s2;
} PCode;
#define MAX_PCODE 10000
PCode pcodeList[MAX_PCODE];
#define MAX_PCODE_TEMP 1000
PCode pcodeTempList[MAX_PCODE_TEMP];
int pcodeTop = 0, pcodeTempTop = 0;
PCode *pcodeListNow = pcodeList;
void pcodePrint(PCode *pcode) {
SYMBOL(label, pcode->lab); SYMBOL(p, pcode->s); SYMBOL(p1, pcode->s1); SYMBOL(p2, pcode->s2);
OP(opName, pcode->op);
// printf("%-8d %-8d %-8d %-8d %-8d\n", pcode->lab, pcode->op, pcode->s, pcode->s1, pcode->s2);
printf("%-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s\n", label, opName, p, p1, p2);
}
void pcode(int lab, char *op, int s, int s1, int s2) {
PCode *pcode = NULL;
if (pcodeListNow == pcodeTempList)
pcode = &pcodeTempList[pcodeTempTop++];
else
pcode = &pcodeList[pcodeTop++];
pcode->lab = lab;
pcode->op = strFind(ops, op);
if (pcode->op == NIL) printf("ERROR:pcode->op = NULL; op=%s\n", op);
ASSERT(pcode->op != NIL);
pcode->s = s;
pcode->s1 = s1;
pcode->s2 = s2;
if (pcodeListNow == pcodeTempList) {
printf("redirect : ");
pcodePrint(pcode);
} else
pcodePrint(pcode);
}
void pcodeDump(PCode *list, int top) {
int i;
for (i=0; i<top; i++) {
printf("dump:");
pcodePrint(&list[i]);
}
}
void pcodeRedirect() {
pcodeListNow = pcodeTempList;
pcodeTempTop = 0;
}
void pcodeRedirectEnd() {
memcpy(&pcodeList[pcodeTop], &pcodeTempList[0], sizeof(PCode)*pcodeTempTop);
pcodeTop += pcodeTempTop;
pcodeDump(pcodeTempList, pcodeTempTop);
pcodeListNow = pcodeList;
}
#define MAX_ARGS 100
int argList[MAX_ARGS];
int argTop = 0;
int argPush(int a) { argList[argTop++] = a; }
int argPop() { return argList[--argTop]; }
// EBNF : ARGS = E? {,E}*
// BNF : ARGS = {} | E {, ARGS}?
// 用在 ID(ARGS) 中,follow 為 )
int ARGS() { // BNF
push("ARGS");
argTop = 0;
if (!isNext(")")) {
argPush(E());
if (isNext(",")) {
next(",");
ARGS();
}
}
pop("ARGS");
}
// F=STRING | NUMBER | '(' E ')' | ID ('('ARGS')')?
int F() {
int f;
push("F");
if (isNext("(")) {
next("(");
f = E();
next(")");
} else if (isNextTag(NUMBER)) {
NEXT(number, NUMBER);
int n = symPut(number);
f = nextTemp();
pcode(0, "=", f, n, 0);
} else if (isNextTag(STRING)) {
NEXT(str, STRING);
f=symPut(str);
} else { // if (isNextTag(ID))
NEXT(id, ID);
f=symPut(id);
if (isNext("(")) { // function call
next("(");
ARGS();
next(")");
int i;
for (i=0; i<argTop; i++) {
pcode(0, "ARG", argList[i], 0, 0);
}
int t = nextTemp();
pcode(0, "CALL", f, t, 0);
f = t;
}
}
pop("F");
return f;
}
#define E_OP "+|-|*|/|%|&|^|||&&||||>>|<<|==|<=|>=|<|>"
// E=F (E_OP F)?
int E() {
push("E");
int f1 = F();
if (isNext(E_OP)) {
NEXT_TOKEN(op, E_OP);
int f2 = F();
int e = nextTemp();
pcode(0, op, e, f1, f2);
f1 = e;
}
pop("E");
return f1;
}
// ASSIGN = (ID[++|--]?)?(=E)?
int ASSIGN() {
push("ASSIGN");
int var = NIL;
if (isNextTag(ID)) {
NEXT(id, ID);
var = symPut(id);
if (isNext("++|--")) {
NEXT_TOKEN(op1, "++|--");
ASSERT(var != NIL);
pcode(0, op1, var, 0, 0);
}
}
if (isNext("=")) {
next("=");
int e = E();
if (var != NIL)
pcode(0, "=", var, e, 0);
}
pop("ASSIGN");
}
// EBNF : DECLS = TYPE? ASSIGN {, ASSIGN}*
// BNF : DECLS = TYPE? ASSIGN_LIST
char type[LEN];
int DECLS() {
push("DECLS");
strcpy(type, "");
if (isNextKind(TYPE)) {
strcpy(type, token);
nextKind(TYPE);
}
ASSIGN_LIST();
pop("DECLS");
}
// BNF : ASSIGN_LIST = {} | ASSIGN {, ASSIGN_LIST}?
int ASSIGN_LIST() {
push("ASSIGN_LIST");
if (!isNext(";")) {
ASSIGN();
if (isNext(",")) {
next(",");
ASSIGN_LIST();
}
}
pop("ASSIGN_LIST");
}
// STMT=return E | DECLS
int STMT() {
push("STMT");
if (isNext("return")) {
next("return");
int e = E();
pcode(0, "RET", e, 0, 0);
} else {
DECLS();
}
pop("STMT");
}
// BASE=STMT;|IF|WHILE|FOR|BLOCK|DEF
int BASE() {
push("BASE");
if (isNext("{"))
BLOCK();
else if (isNext("if"))
IF();
else if (isNext("while"))
WHILE();
else if (isNext("for"))
FOR();
else if (isNext("def"))
DEF();
else {
STMT();
next(";");
}
pop("BASE");
}
// EBNF : BASE_LIST = BASE*
// BNF : BASE_LIST = {} | BASE BASE_LIST?
int BASE_LIST() {
push("BASE_LIST");
if (!isNext("}|$END$")) {
BASE();
BASE_LIST();
}
pop("BASE_LIST");
}
// EBNF : BLOCK={ BASE* }
// BNF : BLOCK={ BASE_LIST }
int BLOCK() {
push("BLOCK");
next("{");
BASE_LIST();
next("}");
pop("BLOCK");
}
// IF=if (E) BASE else BASE
int IF() {
push("IF");
next("if");
next("(");
int e = E();
next(")");
int elseLabel = nextLabel();
pcode(0, "if0", e, elseLabel, 0);
BASE();
if (isNext("else")) {
next("else");
pcode(elseLabel, "", 0, 0, 0);
BASE();
}
pop("IF");
}
// WHILE=while (E) BASE
int WHILE() {
push("WHILE");
int startLabel = nextLabel();
int exitLabel = nextLabel();
pcode(startLabel, "", 0, 0, 0);
next("while");
next("(");
int e = E();
next(")");
pcode(0, "if0", e, exitLabel, 0);
BASE();
pcode(0, "goto", startLabel, 0, 0);
pcode(exitLabel, "", 0, 0, 0);
pop("WHILE");
}
// FOR=for (STMT;E;STMT) BASE
int FOR() {
push("FOR");
int startLabel = nextLabel();
int exitLabel = nextLabel();
next("for");
next("(");
STMT();
next(";");
pcode(startLabel, "", 0, 0, 0);
int e = E();
pcode(0, "if0", e, exitLabel, 0);
next(";");
pcodeRedirect();
STMT(); // ? 這個不能邊比對邊編譯,怎麼辦?用 pipe 先轉向某 setPCode,然後在將結果補在下面。
next(")");
pcodeRedirectEnd();
BASE();
pcode(0, "goto", startLabel, 0, 0);
pcode(exitLabel, "", 0, 0, 0);
pop("FOR");
}
// EBNF : PARAMS = ID? {, ID}*
// BNF : PARAMS = {} | ID {, PARAMS}?
int PARAMS() {
push("PARAMS");
if (isNextTag(ID)) {
NEXT(p1, ID);
pcode(0, "PARAM", symPut(p1), 0, 0);
if (isNext(",")) {
next(",");
PARAMS();
}
}
pop("PARAMS");
}
// DEF=def ID(PARAMS) BLOCK
int DEF() {
push("DEF");
int exitLabel = nextLabel();
next("def");
NEXT(id, ID);
char fname[LEN];
sprintf(fname, "_%s:", id);
int f = symPut(fname);
pcode(f, "function", 0, 0, 0);
next("(");
PARAMS();
next(")");
BLOCK();
pop("DEF");
}
// PROG=BASE*
int PROG() {
push("PROG");
BASE_LIST();
pop("PROG");
}
int init() {
fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
tokenIdx = 0;
tnext();
}
int scan() {
init();
while (TRUE) {
tnext();
if (tag == END)
break;
printf("token=%-8s tag=%-8s kind=%d,%-8s\n", token, tags[tag], kind, kinds[kind]);
}
}
int compile(char *fname) {
printf("==== compile file:%s ========\n", fname);
file = fopen(fname, "r");
// init(); scan();
init();
PROG();
symTableDump();
strTableDump();
fclose(file);
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
char *fname = argv[1];
compile(fname);
}
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